History
THE ARAB SPRING Throughout Egypt's history, the governmental system has changed significantly and many times. The position of the president was first established after the revolution of 1952 and in 1953 Egypt officially became a republic. The Arab Spring refers to democratic outbreaks for many Arab countries in the Middle East and the issue of not having a centralized leadership in Egypt. The series of protests in 2011 brought many groups together for fair and free elections and forced the resignation of President Ḥosnī Mubārak. For the first time in Egypt's history, Islamist groups were able to legally form political parties along with a wider range of ideologies. The business focused moderate party, Muslim Brotherhood Freedom and Justice, was formed and was able to put their presidental candidate into office in 2012, Muhammad Morsi.
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